Symbolism
The Cave- Confinement, prison, ignorance
The Light- Knowledge, wisdom, awareness
The Chains- Forms, sensory perception, language, confinement, ignorance
The Puppets- "Realities"
The Fire- Aides in the portrayal of illusions, ignorance
The Shadows- illusions
The Puppeteers- Manipulation, misrepresentation
The Painful Glare- The harshness of reality, the painful truth, the dizziness of freedom
The Echoes- The echoes are the same as the prisoners interpretations, only a replica of what really is, the manifestation of ignorance.
The Sun- Pure truth
Realm of Forms
"Like ourselves, I replied; and they see only their own shadows, or the shadows of one another, which the fire throws on the opposite wall of the cave?"
(Everything is Relative)
"And if they were able to converse with one another, would they not suppose that they were naming what was actually before them?"
(Language, communication, the expression of ideas and opinions, and ignorance)
"And suppose further that the prison had an echo which came from the other side, would they not be sure to fancy when one of the passers-by spoke that the voice which they heard came from the passing shadow?"
(Misinterpretation, limited perception)
To them, I said, the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images. (Fallacy, presumed truth, limited truth, illusionment)
"And now look again, and see what will naturally follow if the prisoners are released and disabused of their error (Freedom). At first, when any of them is liberated and compelled suddenly to stand up and turn his neck round and walk and look towards the light, he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distress him, (The dizziness of Freedom) and he will be unable to see the realities of which in his former state he had seen the shadows; (The result of conditioning, denial) and then conceive some one saying to him, that what he saw before was an illusion, but that now, when he is approaching nearer to being and his eye is turned towards more real existence, he has a clearer vision,(Atonement, Self Actualization) -what will be his reply? And you may further imagine that his instructor is pointing to the objects as they pass and requiring him to name them, -- will he not be perplexed (differentiation)? Will he not fancy that the shadows which he formerly saw are truer than the objects which are now shown to him?
And if he is compelled to look straight at the light, will he not have a pain in his eyes which will make him turn away (The harshness of reality) to take and take in the objects of vision which he can see, and which he will conceive to be in reality clearer than the things which are now being shown to him? (Safety in collective thinking)
And suppose once more, that he is reluctantly dragged up a steep and rugged ascent, and held fast until he 's forced into the presence of the sun himself, is he not likely to be pained and irritated? When he approaches the light his eyes will be dazzled, and he will not be able to see anything at all of what are now called realities. (The Struggle)
He will require to grow accustomed to the sight of the upper world (coming to terms with reality). And first he will see the shadows best, next the reflections of men and other objects in the water, (Illusions) and then the objects themselves;...
“
And if they could talk to one another, don’t you think they’d suppose that the names they used applied to the things they see passing before them?” (They have given it a name but have not yet found the meaning)
If a prisoner says “That’s a book” he thinks that the word “book” refers to the very thing he is looking at. But he would be wrong. He’s only looking at a shadow. The real referent of the word “book” he cannot see. To see it, he would have to turn his head around. (Curiosity)
Last of he will be able to see the sun, and not mere reflections of him in the water, but he will see him in his own proper place, and not in another; and he will contemplate him as he is. (Existential Awareness)
He will then proceed to argue that this is he who gives the season and the years, and is the guardian of all that is in the visible world, and in a certain way the cause of all things which he and his fellows have been accustomed to behold? (...relevance of fire and light?)
Imagine once more, I said, such an one coming suddenly out of the sun to be replaced in his old situation; would he not be certain to have his eyes full of darkness? (There is no turning back)
And if there were a contest, and he had to compete in measuring the shadows with the prisoners who had never moved out of the den, while his sight was still weak, and before his eyes had become steady (and the time which would be needed to acquire this new habit of sight might be very considerable) would he not be ridiculous? (Misinterpretation, He would be disregarded, not taken seriously)Men would say of him that up he went and down he came without his eyes; and that it was better not even to think of ascending; (
The comic playwright Aristophanes had mocked Socrates by portraying Plato's master, Socrates, as a foolish intellectual with his head in the clouds- Ignorance is Bliss.) and if any one tried to loose another and lead him up to the light, let them only catch the offender, and they would put him to death. (Seeing Wisdom as ignorance, condemning it- as the Athenians did Socrates)
Moreover, I said, you must not wonder that those who attain to this beatific vision are unwilling to descend to human affairs; for their souls are ever hastening into the upper world where they desire to dwell; which desire of theirs is very natural, if our allegory may be trusted. (The Elite)
Any one who has common sense will remember that the bewilderments of the eyes are of two kinds, and arise from two causes, either from coming out of the light or from going into the light, which is true of the mind's eye, quite as much as of the bodily eye; and he who remembers this when he sees any one whose vision is perplexed and weak, will not be too ready to laugh; he will first ask whether that soul of man has come out of the brighter light, and is unable to see because unaccustomed to the dark, or having turned from darkness to the day is dazzled by excess of light. (Understanding)
Whereas, our argument shows that the power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being, and learn by degrees to endure the sight of being, and of the brightest and best of being, or in other words, of the good. (True wisdom and awareness can only be chosen in entirety)
And whereas the other so-called virtues of the soul seem to be akin to bodily qualities, for even when they are not originally innate they can be implanted later by habit and exercise, the of wisdom more than anything else contains a divine element which always remains, and by this conversion is rendered useful and profitable; or, on the other hand, hurtful and useless. Did you never observe the narrow intelligence flashing from the keen eye of a clever rogue --how eager he is, how clearly his paltry soul sees the way to his end; he is the reverse of blind, but his keen eyesight is forced into the service of evil, and he is mischievous in proportion to his cleverness. (misappropriation of intelligence, Hitler, for example)
I mean that they remain in the upper world: but this must not be allowed; they must be made to descend again among the prisoners in the cave, and partake of their labors and honors, whether they are worth having or not. (We are all essentially dragged back into the realm of human drama, we must play the game)
The quest to help others in pursuit of enlightenment is often futile.
Likewise, we may acquire concepts by our perceptual experience of physical objects. But we would be mistaken if we thought that the concepts that we grasp were on the same level as the things we perceive.
Kierkegaards three speheres of existence